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 Treatment of fractures (Bhanga Pratisedha) in  Ashtang Hridayam We shall now expound the chapter– Bhanga pratisedha (treatment of fractures); thus said Atreya and other great sages.  Bones get broken ( fractured ) from a fall from height, assault etc; it is of two kinds, a. sandhigata-localised in the joint and b. asandhigata-in places other then the joints; inability for expansion (extension) and contraction (flexion etc.) and dislocation of the joint are the features of the first kind; whereas in the second kind profound swelling and severe pain in all positions, inability even for slight movement, production of cracking sound on rubbing are the features of fractures in brief. It is of many kinds, based on the nature of fractures. 1-3a. Those treatments which are common to all kinds and which are useful as a routine will be described here. 3b-4a.  Asadhya laksana Chikitsa of sandhigata bhanga  The bone which has been crushed into very small pieces, that which...

 Treatment of traumatic wounds (Sadyovrana Chikitsa) in Astangahrdaya of Vagbhata We shall now expound the chapter– Sadyovrana chikitsa [treatment of wounds which occur suddenly (traumatic wounds)]; Thus said atreya and other great sages. Sadyovrana are those which occur suddenly due to trauma/injury; though innumerable localised in defferent parts of the body, these are classified as of eight kinds viz, ghrsta, avakrtta, vicchinna, pravilambita, patita, viddha, bhinna and vidalita. 1-2a. Ghrsta is that which exudes lasika (lymph) alone or mixed with little of blood, associated with burning sensation; Avagadha is severe than ghrsta and Vicchinna still more severe than avagadha. Pravilambi is that in which only the bone remains in the place; patita is that in which the injured part has fallen off from (seperated) from the body; Viddha is a wound with small orifice caused by a foreign body any where on the body except the kostha (organs inside the trunk); such a wound occuring i...

 Treatment of Ulcers (Vrana Pratisedha) in Ashtang Hridayam of Vaghbhat We will now expound the treatment of ulcers described by Atreya and other great sages.  Treatment of Ulcer  Types of ulcer:  Vrana are of two kinds viz, Nija (organic) and Agantu (traumatic); and dusta (vitiated, foul ) and suddha (unvitiated, clean); nija is caused by dosas (aggravated) in the body, agantu by external causes; dusta is that in which the dosas are localised and suddha is that which is free from localisation of the dosas. 1-2a.  Vitiated ulcer:  Either contraction or expansion; hardness or softness; too much of elevation of depression; too much of warmth ( feeling of heat) or cold; too much of redness or paleness; black colouration, discharge of foul smelling pus; foul smelling muscle, veins, or tendons covering the ulcer at its top; severe pain, profound distress, burning sensation, swelling itching and other complication associating and persisting for a long time—are th...

 Treatment of wrinkles on the scalp in Vaghbhatt's Ashatng Hridayam In khalati, palita, vali (wrinkles on the scalp) and haritaloma (brown hair) prifactory therapies followed by nasal medication, anointing the face and head and application of paste of drugs should be resorted to. 33. Medicated oil prepared with drugs of brhatyadi (hrisva pancamula) and jivaniya gana (chapter 15 of sutrasthana) should be used for nasal medication; or nimba taila be used as nasal medication, for one month; the patient should drink only milk and lead the life of an ascetic. 34.  Seeds of selu, vaksa, tila and rama, saoked and macerated in the juice of nili, sirisa, koranta and bhrnga and again with goat’s milk is taken in the quantity equal to kakandaka (egg of a crow) and pasted on an iron plate and exposed to sunlight. The oil that exudes from it used as nasal drops by the person who takes only milk as food; cures palita. 35-36. Medicated oil prepared with one prastha each of milk, juice of sah...

  Alcoholism Treatment (Madatyayadi chikitsa) in Vagbhatt's Ashatanga Hridyam  Which ever the dosa found to be predominent should be treated first; when all the dosas are found to be equal in alcoholism, then treatment should be to the seats of kapha first, because alcoholism generally has aggravation of pitta and maruta (vata) at its terminal stages. 1-2a.  The disease (alcoholism) which develops from inadequate, improper and excess use of any one kind of wine, gets relieved by the proper use of the same. 2b-3a.  Wine is similar to poison; poison possessing powerful properties and actions such as penetrating (deep into the tissues) etc; needs another kind of poison (for the cure of disorders caused by the first poison). 3b-4a. By ingestion of large quantity of wine which possesses tiksna (penetrating), usna (heat producing), amla (sour) and vidahi (causing burning senastion) properties, the moisture in the essence of food, udergoes excess cooking, assumes the proper...

 Madyapana vidhi (Regimen of Drinking) in Vaghbhatt's Ashtang Hridyam After taking bath, offering obesiances the gods, brahmana and preceptors, after attending to his professional work and others required of him, the person should enter the drinking chamber, which has been sprinkled with scented water and which is near to the dining hall; lean leisurely on a beautiful cot, surrounded by freinds, attendents and good looking women, groups of storytellers, and travellers praising his successes through stories and eulogies; playful women exhibiting their charms with their gay walk, songs, dances, playing of musical instruments, attractive dress, sound of moving anklets, reverberated by the notes of the game birds, surrounded by women wearing ornaments of gems and gold of different designs, who are capable of distracting the minds of even the sages, who are endowed with even unsteady eyes resembling of a deer; moving slowly due to the weight of the breasts and buttocks and moving hesita...

 Treatment of bleeding disease in Vaghbhat's Ashtang Hridayam We shall now expound the chapter Raktapitta chikitsa treatment of raktapitta (bleeding disease); thus said Atreya and other great sages. Raktapitta Sadhyasadhyata  (prognosis of bleeding disorders)  Raktapitta which is of upward direction (bleeding from the upper parts of the bocy such as nose, mouth, ears) seen in a strong person, of mild bouts (of bleeding), produced by any one dosa, of recent onset, appearing at a fovourable time and having no complications (secondary affections) should be treated. Raktapitta which is of downward direction (bleeding from the urethra, rectum, and vagina), that produced by two dosas, recurring often after subsiding and changing from one channel (site) to the other ( often) should be controlled. That which bleeds heavily, found in a person who has poor digestive power, produced by all the three dosas and that manifesting in both the direction should be rejected. 1-3a.  Rak...

 

 

 Diagnosis of Parasites (Krimi) in Vagbhata Ashtanga Hridayam Krimi, (worms, parasites) are of two kinds viz bahya (external) and abhyantara (internal) and of four kinds on the basis of their origin (substance from which they develop) viz the external wastes (sweat), kapha, asrk (blood) and vit (faeces) and twenty kinds (species) by their names. 42b-43a.  Rahya (External parasites): The external arise from uncleanliness, resemble tila (seed of sesame) in size, shape, and colour, dwell in the hairs and clothes, have many legs and are small in size; are of two kinds, yuka and liksa by name; they produce rashes, eruptions, itching and small tumors. 43b-45a.  Notes: Yuka and liksa are the two kinds of louse, the head louse and body louse, both found in persons who are unclean. Head louse is black resides at the root of the hairs of the head. Body louse is white resides in the hairs of the axilla and pubis and take shelter inside the folds of clothes. Both spread from per...

Diagnosis of Leukoderma  (Svitra) in Ashtangahridyam of Baghbhatt Svitra (leucoderma) also known as kilasa and daruna, is pointed to be similar to kustha (in causingt ugliness), is non exudative and arising from (the aggravation of) the three dhatus (dosas) and three dhatus (rakta, mamsa and medas).37. From (the predominance of) vata, it (the skin) is dry and aruna (light red); from pitta it is of tamra (coppery colour) resembling a lotus petal, has burning sensation and destruction of hair of the body; from kapha, the skin is sveta (white, thick, heavy and has itching; these (three kinds) are localised in the rakta (blood), mamsa (muscle) and medas (fat) respectively and also in respect of their colour, each succeeding kind more difficult to cure ( than its preceding). 38-39. Notes: The above statement is explained by Arunadatta as follows; vataja svitra is aruna (light red) in colour, localised in the rakta dhatu (blood) and krichra (difficult to cure); pittaja svitra is tamra (c...

 Diagnosis and Treatment of leprosy (Kushta) in Astangahrdaya samhita of  Vagbhata  We shall now expound the chapter, Kustha-svitra-krimi nidanam-diagnosis of leprosy, leucoderma and worms (parasites); thus said Atreya and other great sages. \ The malas (dosas) getting aggravated by unsuitable foods and activities, especially by foods which are incompatable, by sinful acts of the present life such as scolding/defaming or killing the pius (ascetics, elders, preceptors etc.), robbing the properties of others etc. or sinful acts of the previous lives; invade the channels present everywhere inside, vitiate the skin, lasika (lymph), blood and muscles make them flabby (loose, weak) and fall out, discolouration of the skin; this disease is called Kustha. 1-3.   Notes: Though the term ‘Kustha’ is generally applied to leprosy, it also includes some other diseases of the skin as will be evident from the details further on.  Allowed the lapse of time, it makes the ent...

 Vladimir Putin:  The Most Powerful Man of the World 2025 We don't need a weakened government but a strong government that would take responsibility for the rights of the individual and care for the society as a whole.  —Vladimir Putin Vladimir Putin is one of the 21st century’s most influential leaders who has shaped his country’s political landscape for decades with a mix of strategic maneuvers, military aggression against Russia’s neighbors and controversial policies. He reintroduced highly centralized, top-down control within Russia. He  reduced media freedom and renationalized key industries. He made it clear to Russia’s oligarchs that their positions were conditional on their personal loyalty to him and their abstention from politics. Putin also tried to assert dominance in the near abroad—a Russian term for the former Soviet states on Russia’s borders. Russia invaded Georgia in 2008 and launched a proxy war in Ukraine in 2014, prior to a full-scale invasion in...

 Xi Jinping  China's success proves that socialism is not dead. It is thriving. Just imagine this: had socialism failed in China, had our communist party collapsed like the party in the Soviet Union, then global socialism would lapse into a long dark age. And communism, like Karl Marx once said, would be a haunting spectre lingering in limbo.       — Xi Jinping Xi Jinping is the world’s most powerful people in the year 2025. Xi has been the paramount leader of China, the most prominent political leader in the People's Republic of China, since 2012. He has been serving as General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and Chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC) since 2012, and President of the People's Republic of China (PRC) since 2013. By 2013, Xi was elected General Secretary of the Communist Party, Chair of the Military Commission and President of the People’s Republic of China. His name and philosophy was added to the party constitutio...