New Vision

In India education and military duties were denied to ninety percent of the people. The absence of the stake of the Shudras in the state can be compared only with the position of slaves in a state but their position was different from that of slaves in some ways. Firstly there has been no state where the slaves outnumbered the rulers. Secondly the doors of freedom were not totally closed in slavery. A slave could free himself by paying a certain amount or displaying bravery in a war but a Shudra had no way of liberation. Once born as a Shudra he had to suffer deprivation till his death. This deprivation kept him totally aloof from the state. Whosoever ruled the state did not matter to him. This aloofness prevented him from joining hands with his exploiters to form a nation. The masters of slaves used them as soldiers also. Many wars were won with the bravery of slaves and many times they rose to very high ranks in army. In India, Shudras were slaves but their masters preferred to lose

A National New Education Policy (NEP) 2020 is a comprehensive framework to guide the development of education in the country. The need for a policy was first felt in 1964 when Congress MP Siddheshwar Prasad criticised the then government for lacking a vision and philosophy for education. The same year, a 17-member Education Commission, headed by then UGC Chairperson D.S. Kothari, was constituted to draft a national and coordinated policy on education. Based on the suggestions of this Commission, Parliament passed the first education policy in 1968. The second Education Policy was introduced in 1986 under the prime ministership of Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi respectively. The NEP of 1986 was revised in 1992 when P V Narasimha Rao was Prime Minister. The third is the NEP released in August 2021 under the Prime Ministership of Narendra Modi. The NEP 2020 proposes sweeping changes including opening up of Indian higher education to foreign universities, dismantling of the UGC and the All

  Well, first, let us talk about where the name "Jesus Christ" comes from. The name Jesus is an Anglicized form of the Latin name Iesus , which is in turn a Latinized form of the ancient Greek name Ἰησοῦς ( Iēsoũs ), which is, in turn, a Hellenized form of Jesus's original name in ancient Palestinian Aramaic, which was יֵשׁוּעַ ( yēšūă‘ ), a shortened form of the earlier Hebrew name יְהוֹשֻׁעַ ( y'hoshuaʿ ), which means "Yahweh is Salvation." y'hoshuaʿ is the original Hebrew name of the hero Joshua, the central figure in the Book of Joshua in the Old Testament. Consequently, yēšūă‘ was one of the most common male given names in Judaea and Galilee during the early part of the first century CE when Jesus was alive. There are even multiple other people with the exact same name mentioned in the New Testament, including Jesus Barabbas in the Gospel of Mark and Jesus Justus, an apostle mentioned in the Book of Acts and in the Pauline Epistles. Altho

In fact the 1857 revolt has been completed more than 160 years but Dalit participation is not recognised till today. In fact then Dalit point of view was not being taken very seriously. It could be very easily labeled as pro-colonial and different from mainstream and ignored as an individualistic point of view. However feeble opposition it might have been but it is true that after 1859 there has been a long standing Shudra point of view which refused to accept 1857 as a national freedom struggle and have rejoiced that it was quelled and resulted in the continuous presence of the British in India. “History will, we conceive, take a very different view of the facts of the great Indian revolt of 1857 what the contemporaries have taken of them” . In it, the first and important voice was that of Jotirao Phule who had felicitated those Mahar soldiers who had helped the British in quelling the revolt. He had written a letter to the then Viceroy and expressed happiness that the British stayed

Mahatma Jyotiba Govindrao Phule was born in Mali community on 11th April, 1827 in Satara district. His father was a vegetable vender at Poona. His mother passed away when he was hardly one year old. After completing his primary education, Mahatma Phule had to leave the school and help his father by working on the family’s farm.  In 1841, he got admission in the Scottish Mission’s High School at Poona. It was the turning point in his life. Because in that school he came in contact with Brahmin friends and missionaries ideas of humanity. He had painful practical experience when he was invited to attend a wedding of one of his Brahmin friend. Knowing that Jyotiba belonged to the mali caste which was considered to be inferior by the Brahmins, the relatives of the bridegroom insulted and abused him.  After this incident Jyotiba made up his mind to defy the caste system and serve the shudras who were deprived of all their rights as human beings under the caste system. Throughout his life Phu

  If you’ve ever surfed or swam in the ocean, you’re probably familiar with one of the ocean’s most potent qualities: it’s saltiness. On average, the concentration of salt in the ocean hovers around 35 parts per thousand. If you were to remove all the salt from the oceans and spread it thick across Earth’s land surface, it was form a layer roughly 500 feet thick—the height of two Taj Mahal’s stacked on top of each other, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . Gulping up a mouthful of saline seawater can be gross, but how did all that salt get there in the first place? You can thank the rocks on shore. Rainwater contains small amounts of dissolved carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This slightly acidic rain erodes rocks on land, and sends minerals and dissolved ions—including chloride and sodium—through rivers and streams into the ocean. These ions, in particular, make up mor

Savitribai Phule was also a prolific author and poet. More than 200 books have been written on Jotirao and Savitribai in Marathi. Along with books in Marathi, books have also been published in Hindi, English, Telugu, Kannada, Punjabi, Urdu, Sindhi and Gujarati. About 40 of these books have been written on Savitribai. She published Kavya Phule in 1854 and Bavan Kashi Subodh Ratnakar in 1892, and also a poem entitled “Go, Get Education” in which she encouraged those who are oppressed to free themselves by obtaining an education. If we are to look at non-literary, academic books among these, the Savitriabai Jotirao Phule yanche Alpacharitra written by Shantabai Raghunath Bankar in 1939 and Krantidevata Sadhvi Savitribai Phule written by Phulwantabai Zodage in 1966 are especially important. Following in their footsteps, Dr M.G. Mali wrote the biographical book ’Krantijyoti Savitribai Phule’ in 1980 and Dr K. P. Deshpande wrote Agniphule in 1982, based on Savitribai’s life and literature. T

In late nineteenth century, the bubonic plague originated in in Yunnan province in China and spread to many countries through the sea route which killed more than 10 million people in India.That pandemic reached India through the ports at Calcutta and Bombay. Later on, it spread to Pune and other towns and villages. One guess is that more deaths occurred in towns than in spread-out villages, where natural social isolation is already a factor. Several herding communities left urban and populated towns and established settlements in the forest and plain lands. Medical facilities at the time were almost absent in India and hardly any trained doctors in modern medicine. Mahatma Jyotirao Phule and Savitribai Phule’s adopted son Dr. Yashwantrao opened a clinic to treat those affected by the worldwide Third Pandemic of the bubonic plague when it appeared in the area around Nalasopara in 1897. The clinic was established at stern outskirts of Pune, in an area free of infection. Savitribai died

  From education to healthcare and dam and highway, India has delivered big time in Afghanistan. However, the security of its investments seems to be called into question as the Taliban continues to make rapid advances. A quick look at development projects undertaken by New Delhi.   Salma Dam  The Salma Dam is a hydropower and irrigation project located in Afghanistan’s Herat province. It was inaugurated in 2016 and completed under major constraints. It is popularly known as the Afghan-India Friendship Dam and is a symbol of Indo-Afghan bilateral relations. In the past few weeks, the Taliban have mounted offensives near the dam, during the course of which, many security personnel were killed. The Taliban also claim control of areas around the Salma Dam.   Zaranj-Delaram Highway The $150-million project was built by India’s Border Roads Organisation. The 218-km long Zaranj-Delaram highway, which lies in proximity to the Afghanistan-Iran border, stretches from the Khash R

  In July 1887, Jotirao suffered from a heart attack which paralysed his right side completely. Savitribai nursed him night and day through this illness. He recovered and even started writing again. This was a time when they were facing a financial crisis. The business of the Poona Construction and Contracting Company had hit a low, sources of income were drying up and the expenses were tremendous. The couple was at their wits end, with the expenses over the illness, the maintenance of the hostel, home for prevention infanticide, Satyashodhak Samaj and the education of the children. There came a time when they had no money to pay even for treatment and Dr. Vishram Ramji Ghole provided treatment for free. Jotirao’s well-wisher and the great thinker and political sage, Mama Paramanand wrote letters to the King of Baroda- Sayajirao Gaekwad asking for financial help for Jotirao and Savitribai. In a letter dated 31 July 1890, written to recommend that financial help be given to Jotirao and

  Savitribai internalized the vision and way of life of Phule, and was a constant devotee of his work. In the philosophy of Phule the place of equality and humanity was the most important. She, to develop the qualities of justice, through education wanted equality, freedom and fearlessness. She also experiences that women have not got the self-dependence due to the lack of education. She was of the opinion that the development made in society is judged by the extent of education made available to women in society. Therefore she gave her absolute support to her husband who was in favor of giving compulsory education to women. The influence of Jyotiba’s thought on Savitribai is quite clear in her writings. She said that— “…Let knowledge be your God, pursue it all the way. With determination attain success, don t let your mind sway. Knowledge is so precious; it is the greatest gift of all. One with a treasury of knowledge, a wise person people do call” It was the fact that women in ninete

   Joytirao Phule exposed Savitribai to different ideas and alternative worldviews. Jotiba firmly believed that all institutions, religions and traditions need to be subjected to discussion and criticism. Savitribai must have been impressed by Jotiba’s firm stance when he refuted his family’s immense pressure to remarry on account of the couple’s childlessness. He instead questioned them as to why only men, and not women, were allowed to remarry due to childlessness. Why would Savitribai be not allowed to remarry instead of Jotiba, her remarked? This illustrates that Jotiba not just understood radical ideas but was also an active practitioner. All these things must have hugely impacted Savitribai, and would have probably motivated her to further understand the dynamics of religion, gender, caste, and marginalization. The next challenge Savitribai faced was when Jotiba decided to open girl’s school at Pune in 1848. One of the first of this kind, this school primarily meant for lower cas

More than 5,000 kilometres beneath us, Earth’s solid metal inner core wasn’t discovered until 1936 . Almost a century later, we’re still struggling to answer basic questions about when and how it first formed. These aren’t easy puzzles to solve. We can’t directly sample the inner core, so the key to unravelling its mysteries lies in collaboration between seismologists , who indirectly sample it with seismic waves, geodynamicists , who create models of its dynamics, and mineral physicists , who study the behaviour of iron alloys at high pressures and temperatures. Combining these disciplines, scientists have delivered an important clue about what’s happening miles beneath our feet. In a new study , they reveal how Earth’s inner core is growing faster on one side than the other, which could help explain how old the inner core is, and the intriguing history of Earth’s magnetic field. The new study probed this mystery, using new seismic observations combined with geodynamic mode