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Criminal Backgrounds of MPs and MLAs in India The criminalization of politics in India, where a significant number of MPs and MLAs face criminal charges (46% of Lok Sabha MPs and 44% of MLAs as of 2024-2025, per ADR data), demands urgent reforms. Lok Sabha MPs with Serious Cases : 14% (2009) → 21% (2014) → 29% (2019) → 31% (2024). MLAs : Stable at ~29% serious cases since 2019, but absolute numbers rose with more seats contested. Crimes Against Women : 151 sitting MPs/MLAs (2024 analysis), up from prior years; West Bengal (25), Andhra Pradesh (21) lead states. "Serious criminal cases" typically include offenses punishable by imprisonment of five years or more, non-bailable offenses, or heinous crimes like murder, attempt to murder, rape, and crimes against women. As of the latest available analyses in 2025 (post-2024 Lok Sabha elections and state assembly polls), the situation remains alarming. Below is a summary of key statistics, trends, and breakdowns. Overall Statis...

  Politics of pollution in Deepawali at the Cost of Human killing   The query appears to refer to the political controversies surrounding air pollution during Diwali (the Hindu festival of lights) in India, particularly how it contributes to health risks and deaths ("killing man," likely meaning fatalities linked to pollution). Diwali, celebrated with fireworks, often exacerbates air quality issues in cities like Delhi, sparking debates over bans, enforcement, and blame attribution. Below, I'll outline the key aspects based on recent events as of October 21, 2025. The Pollution Spike during Diwali Diwali fireworks release particulate matter (PM2.5), sulfur dioxide, and other pollutants, leading to a sharp rise in air quality index (AQI) levels. In 2025, despite court orders allowing only "green" (less-polluting) crackers, Delhi's AQI reached "severe" or "hazardous" levels post-Diwali, with readings up to 350-400 in many areas. Thi...

Criminal Backgrounds in Bihar Assembly Elections 2025 The Bihar Legislative Assembly elections 2025 are being held in five phases from October 28 to November 20, with results on November 23. Candidates are required to submit affidavits to the Election Commission of India (ECI) disclosing criminal cases, assets, and other details. As of October 21, 2025, comprehensive phase-wise analyses by the Association for Democratic Reforms (ADR) on the criminal backgrounds of contesting candidates do not appear to be publicly released yet, unlike their report on the outgoing (2020-elected) MLAs, where 66% (158 out of 241) have declared pending criminal cases, including 49% (119) with serious charges such as murder, attempted murder, or crimes against women. Serious cases include offenses punishable by five or more years in prison. For the 2025 candidates, data is scattered across news reports based on individual affidavits. Prominent parties like RJD, BJP, and JD (U) have fielded several candi...

  Comparison: RSS Nationalism vs. Constitutional Nationalism   RSS Nationalism (Hindutva Ideology) The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), founded in 1925 by Keshav Baliram Hedgewar, is a Hindu nationalist organization that promotes Hindutva —a concept coined by V.D. Savarkar in 1923, defining Indian identity through ethnic, cultural, and civilizational ties to Hinduism. RSS nationalism envisions India as a "Hindu Rashtra" (Hindu nation), emphasizing Hindu unity, discipline, and cultural revival through daily "shakhas" (branches) involving physical training, ideological education, and community service. It operates as a volunteer paramilitary-style group with affiliates in education, labor, politics (e.g., the Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP), and religion under the Sangh Parivar umbrella. Historically, the RSS was banned three times in India (1948 after Gandhi's assassination, 1975 during the Emergency, and 1992 after the Babri Masjid demolition) for promoting...

Hindu Sanatan and RSS Sanatan Your query appears to seek clarification on the terms "Hindu Sanatan" (likely referring to Sanatan Dharma as the traditional, eternal essence of Hinduism) and "RSS Sanatan" (the interpretation or application of Sanatan Dharma by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, or RSS). These concepts overlap but differ in scope, emphasis, and application. Sanatan Dharma is an ancient philosophical and spiritual framework, while the RSS frames it within a modern socio-political and nationalistic lens. Below, I'll break it down step by step, drawing from historical, scriptural, and contemporary sources. What is Sanatan Dharma (Hindu Sanatan)? Sanatan Dharma, often translated as "eternal dharma" or "eternal order," is the indigenous term for what is commonly called Hinduism. It predates the word "Hindu" (a Persian exonym derived from the Indus River, used around the 8th century CE to describe people east of the rive...